The First 30 Years

Star bicycles were the creation of Edward Lisle, who was born in 1852 at 106 Dudley Road, Wolverhampton and baptised at Franchise Street Church. His education at St. Luke's School ended in 1866, when he had reached the age of 14, after which it is believed that he joined his brother working on the railway. In the 1871 census he is described as a machine fitter.

Edward became interested in cycles, and in his spare time he built a velocipede in the cellar in his father’s house at 71 Park Street, Wolverhampton. He entered some of the races that took place in the grounds of the Molineux Hotel. In the 1870s the races were very popular and each meeting attracted up to 20,000 spectators from all over the country. Edward was very successful, riding a home-built machine, and this led to a demand for his cycles, which he started building to order.

A Lisle tricycle from 1869. Courtesy of Jim Boulton.

He continued to produce cycles in relatively small numbers until 1876, when at the age of 24, he went into manufacturing partnership with Edwin John Sharratt, who lived at 15 Franchise Street, Wolverhampton, where his mother Sarah had a shop. Edwin Sharratt was the same age as Edward and is described in the 1871 census as an out of work coachman.

Edwin purchased the ex-Humber factory in Pountney Street, known as the Star Cycle Works, and joined Edward in the new business; Sharratt and Lisle. It seems that Edwin had no previous experience in manufacturing or mechanics and so that side of the business must have been left to Edward alone. 

The partnership lasted for just 3 years, after which Edwin Sharratt decided that he did not want to follow the same business path as Edward Lisle and left to start his own separate business; Sharratt and Co. He produced bicycles using the Connaught trade name and joined forces with a Mr. Parker. The company went into liquidation in 1895 with debts of over £800. Both firms still used the Pountney Street works, but whether they were in separate buildings or had split one building between them is not known.


A Sharratt & Lisle cycle. Courtesy of Jim Boulton.

In 1883 Edward Lisle founded the Star Cycle Company, but continued to sell his machines under the Sharratt & Lisle name until 1896, when he founded the Star Cycle Company Limited, with a starting capital of £120,000. He also produced large numbers of cycle components.

By 1889 the Star Cycle Company purchased a factory in Stewart Street, which could well have belonged to Hinde, Harrington & Company, who produced 'Desideratum' bicycles.

The following is a short description from "Bicycles & Tricycles of the Year 1889" by Harry Hewitt Griffin:

"The Star Dwarf Safety Roadster (Sharratt and Lisle, Stewart Street, Wolverhampton).
A single-frame machine, with the backbone and rear forks perfectly straight, and the seat pillar nearly so. At the foot of the latter there is an improved and very simple form of crank bracket; the balls run in channels so arranged that they retain the oil instead of allowing it to flow out. The case is practically in one piece, very light, firm, and well fitted. Although the handle-bar is but little bent, it is near the rider, owing to the great curve given to the front forks.

The brake is a lever plunger, and the steering on the centres or hinge principle. The wheels-direct spokes, crescent rims, ⅞in. tyres to rear, and ¾in. to front wheel, both being 30in. The machine is made of good stuff, and is cheap at £10.10s., list price, for balls all parts, &c. There is also a lower priced, with plain details, at £8; a skeleton diamond, at £13.10s.; and a light single frame roadster, at £12.l2s.; besides a number of ordinaries. All are guaranteed by the makers for six months."

The 1896 Star catalogue. Courtesy of David Evans.
 

13th July, 1896 saw the formation of the Presto Gearcase & Components Company Limited which acquired the Presto Gearcase Company Ltd, Fleet Street, Coventry. The nominal capital was £30,000 and the directors were: C.E. Shaw, E. Lisle, E.A. Wilson, L. Johnson, A. Goodby, H. Lisle. The Secretary was E. White, 32 Stewart Street, Wolverhampton.

 

Read about the Presto Gear Case Co.

    

The 1896 catalogue includes 10 models and a range of accessories. The cycles are as follows:
The Star "Path Racer" is built around a frame that is made of large diameter weldless steel tubes with 'D' shaped compression stays.

The wheels are 28 inches in diameter and are fitted with Dunlop Path Racing Tyres. Transmission is via a 3/16" chain geared to 70".

Weight 22lbs. Selling price £25.


The Star "Path Racer". Courtesy of David Evans.


The Star "Road Racer". Courtesy of David Evans.

The Star "Road Racer" is a stronger version of the "Path Racer" that is suitable for road racing. Fitted with 1.5" Dunlop Road Racing Tyres, the best road racing saddle and an effective steering lock.

Weight 25lbs. Selling price £23.

The Star "Light Roadster" is built around a frame that is made of large diameter weldless steel tubes with 'D' shaped compression stays and a Humber dust-proof bottom bracket. It is fitted with interchangeable gear wheels, dropped handle bars, double plate crown and xylonite detachable mudguards. Also included are dust-proof rat-trap pedals, 28" wheels, best hardened block link chain and steering lock. Weight 29lbs, selling price £19.


The Star "Light Roadster". Courtesy of David Evans.


The "Popular Star". Courtesy of David Evans.

The "Popular Star" is built around a large size frame, made of large diameter weldless steel tubes and fitted with a Humber dust-proof bottom bracket. It has interchangeable gear wheels, dropped handle bars, double plate crown and detachable steel mudguards. Also included are rubber or rat-trap pedals, 28" wheels, best hardened block link chain, roadster saddle, toolbag, and steering lock. Weight 33lbs, selling price £17.10s.
The "Special Popular Star" is built with a large size frame, made of large diameter weldless steel tubes and fitted with large bearings and a dust-proof crank axle bracket. It has a special shoulder plate crown, 1" curved dropped handle bars, and detachable steel mudguards. Also included is a 30" front wheel and 28" rear wheel, hammock saddle and tool bag. Weight 35lbs, selling price £16 (Dunlop tyres), £15 (Clincher tyres), or £10.10s (Cushion tyres).


The "Special Popular Star". Courtesy of David Evans.


The "Youth's Star". Courtesy of David Evans.

The "Youth's Star" is fitted with a diamond frame of best weldless steel tube, ball and socket head, curved or dropped handle bars, and detachable mud guards. It has round cranks, rubber ball pedals, block link chain and 26" wheels with ball bearings. The saddle is of the best quality hammock type and fitted with a toolbag. Weight 35lbs, selling price £15 (Dunlop tyres), £14.10s. (Clincher tyres), or £9.10s (Cushion tyres).
The "Lady's Popular Star" is built with a frame, made of large diameter weldless steel tubes and fitted with a dust-proof crank axle bracket and a shoulder plate crown. It has 1" curved handle bars, and patent corded dress guard. Also included are 26" wheels, "Presto" detachable gear case, a good quality ladies saddle and a tool bag. Weight 35lbs, selling price £18.10s. (Dunlop tyres), £17.10s. (Clincher tyres), or £13.10s (Cushion tyres).


The Lady's Popular Star. Courtesy of David Evans.


The Lady's Star. Courtesy of David Evans.

The "Lady's Star" is built with a frame, made of large diameter weldless steel tubes and fitted with a Humber dust-proof bracket and a shoulder plate crown. It has 1" curved handle bars, and detachable steel mudguards with a patent corded dress guard. Also included are 26" wheels, "Presto" detachable gear case, a good quality ladies saddle and a tool bag. Weight 33lbs, selling price £21.10s. (Dunlop tyres), or £20.10s. (Clincher tyres).
The "Combination Roadster tandem" with double steering has a double diamond frame made from best weldless steel tubes, and is fitted with an extra strengthened plate crown and special tandem forks. It has a 30" front wheel, a 28" rear wheel and special tandem Dunlop-Welch tyres, and is fitted with a best hardened block link front chain. The machine sold for £36.


The Double Steering Tandem. Courtesy of David Evans.


The Single Steering Tandem. Courtesy of David Evans.

The "Gent's Single Steering Tandem" has the same specification as the double steering tandem. The machine sold for £34. Both tandems were available with a "Presto" detachable gear case for an extra £3.
The introduction in the 1896 catalogue states that the company's mainstay at the time was the "Popular Star" and also that due to the popularity of Star machines, fraudulent imitations had appeared on the market.

Many accessories were available, including bells, lamps, oil cans, footrests, and tyre-fastening cement. A comprehensive range of saddles, pedals, chains, hubs, brakes and bearings were on offer so that a bicycle could be customised to suit each customer's requirements.


Courtesy of David Evans.


The range of lamps. Courtesy of David Evans.


A few of the many different saddles that were available. Courtesy of David Evans.


Courtesy of David Evans.

The 1897 Star catalogue. Courtesy of David Evans.
In 1897 the range of cycles appears to be much the same as the previous year, but many of the prices were increased.

The price of the following machines was increased by £1:

The "Path Racer", the "Road Racer", the "Light Roadster", the "Lady's Star", and the "Lady's Popular Star".

However the price of the tandem remained unchanged.

The following description is from the 1897 edition of the "Illustrated Towns of England Business Review of Wolverhampton".

The Star Cycle Company, Limited (Managing Director, Mr. E. Lisle), Stewart Street Telegraphic Address. 16 "Lisle, Wolverhampton." Telephone No. 7079.


The history of the cycle trade, in Wolverhampton is one of remarkable development, and constitutes one of the most interesting chapters in the industrial life of the premier manufacturing town of Staffordshire. Among the concerns most prominently identified with this branch of industry is the Star Cycle Company, Limited, late the Star Cycle Company (Sharratt and Lisle), Limited, and formerly Messrs. Sharratt and Lisle. Founded many years ago, this business has made wonderful progress, consequent upon the initiative always taken by the proprietors in the introduction of new and improved machines of the highest grade quality. At the present time there is no more popular machine on the market than the "Star," for it combines in the highest degree all the most desirable qualities of grace, speed, and durability, coupled with first-class workmanship and finish. The works of this Company are one of the largest in the district, giving employment to upwards of four hundred hands. They cover a large area of ground fronting to two sides of Stewart Street and extending back to Thomas Street, and have been recently enlarged to cope with the increased demands. They are very substantial in construction, comprising extensive building shops, fitting, blacksmiths', turning, plating and enamelling shops, large warehouses. The various manufacturing departments have been equipped with machinery and appliances of the most modern type, hence the Company are enabled to compete in accuracy and economy and speed of production with any firm in the United Kingdom. It is evident that no expense or effort has been spared to constitute the works one of the most complete and best equipped in the trade. The chief machines built by this Company are the "Star," path racer, " Star," road racer, " Star," light roadster, popular " Star," single and double steering tandems, the lady's " Star," the lady's popular "Star," and youth's "Star." These are fitted with Dunlop, Clincher, Warwick, or Beeston tyres; saddles of Standard make, and "Presto" gear cases. All are unsurpassed for elegance of design, easy running, and thoroughly reliable manufacture, whilst as regards price, there is certainly no cheaper machines made, quality considered. We can safely predict that the " Star" machines will easily keep in the front rank during 1897, and will continue to grow in favour with cyclists of both sexes who know and appreciate a first-class mount. The Star Company publish a beautifully illustrated catalogue, giving full particulars of prices, etc., which can be obtained on application, and intending purchasers will do well to look over one of these before deciding to purchase else- where. The managing director, Mr. E. Lisle, has been associated with the business since its founding, and it is to his great ability and administrative capabilities that its success is mainly due. That the business will, under its present able and enterprising management, retain its lead among rival concerns is certain.


An advert from 1898.

The 1898 range of cycles includes several new additions. Three of the lady's machines are now fitted with the new transparent celluloid "Presto" gear case, the lightest gear case in the world. The new Juvenile machines are available in boy's and girl's versions and are suitable for children from 8 to 14 years of age. All machines are now available with a choice of Dunlop, Warwick, Clipper or Beeston tyres. One slightly out of the ordinary addition is the "Pedersen (Cantilever) Cycle".

The leading lines at the time were the accurately named Gent's and Lady's "Popular" machines. Sales were good and the confident company predicted sales of up to 10,000 machines for the next season.


The 1898 Star catalogue. Courtesy of David Evans.

The Pedersen (Cantilever) Cycle. Courtesy of David Evans.
Star's Pedersen (Cantilever) Cycle weighed only 18lbs. and was priced at £34.
The Boys' Star was built around a frame made of the best weldless steel tube, 'D' shaped compression stays, and a dust-proof bracket with an increased width of ball races. It is fitted with either 22" or 24" wheels and has detachable steel mudguards and a hardened block-link chain. The good quality saddle is fitted with a tool bag and the machine weighs 23lbs. The cost is £13.10s. with Dunlop tyres or £12.10s. with Clipper tyres.


The Boys' Star. Courtesy of David Evans.


The Girls' Star. Courtesy of David Evans.

The Girls' Star was built around a frame of special curved design, made of the best weldless steel tube with 'D' shaped compression stays, and a dust-proof bracket. It is fitted with either 22" or 24" wheels and has detachable steel mudguards, a hardened block-link chain, a "Presto" gear case and corded dress guard. The good quality saddle is fitted with a tool bag and the machine weighs 24lbs. The cost is £14 with Dunlop tyres or £13 with Clipper tyres.

The following is from the Wolverhampton and South Staffordshire Illustrated, 1898:

The Star Cycle Company Limited, Wolverhampton


The Exterior of the Stewart Street Works.

It would appear to the observant critic that the limits in cycle construction had reached their final stage, with the admirable models introduced by this Company in the season just closed, but that this deduction is premature may be inferred from the fact that the " Star" machines for 1899 give promise of further innovation, if only in minor details, which will add to their efficiency and splendid riding qualities.

The Star Cycle Company is the oldest aspirant for popular favour, having been established as far back as 1885 by Mr. Lisle, who, since its incorporation some time subsequently, has occupied the position of Managing Director. The Company's Works, the largest of the kind in Wolverhampton, cover an area of between two and three acres of ground, in which are erected the commodious and well-designed buildings, lofty, light, and conveniently arranged for the operations of so extensive a manufacturing business as that in progress at the establishment. The premises have a lengthy frontage to the main thoroughfare, this portion being of two-storey elevation, and occupied as stores, timekeeper's office, packing and despatch department in the ground level, while above this are the well-appointed general and private offices. The whole of the manufacturing departments are housed in suitable buildings, and are completely equipped with the most up-to-date plant, machinery, and tools, and labour-saving appliances, specially designed as aids to in the various mechanical departments through which the modern cycle passes, from the initial to the final stage of construction. The extent of the premises and business may be readily imagined by the fact that 29,000 cycles have been manufactured, sold, and delivered within the last 3 years.


The Frame Building Department.

On the opposite side of the road is a separate factory for the production of Star Motor Cars and Motor Tricycles, and which equally, with its neighbour, is furnished with the most improved type of machinery, much of which is automatic in action.

In this connection it should be stated that, unlike the majority of cycle manufacturers, the Star Company make all component parts, and are thus enabled to assure the absolute reliability of these essentials, both in quality of material and perfect accuracy of construction and adjustments. These details of construction have been by no means unimportant factors in the success achieved by the firm's make of " Star" machines, in which are invariably embodied all the practical improvements which the widely-extended experience of the managers has suggested as beneficial to the wheeling public, and which has gained for these perfect models an assured favouritism with the patrons of the most popular form of pastime the history of the world has known.


The Machinery Department.

The "Star Road Racer" is essentially a high-grade machine at a reasonable price, and has many noteworthy features of excellence incorporated. It is specially adapted to meet the requirements of speed men, and, although it is built for the road, it is sufficiently light for use upon the track. The "Star Light Roadster" is constructed on the same high-class lines as the Road Racer, but fitted with every consideration for the wear, tear, and comfort of every-day riders, who not only cycle the summer through but battle the winter storms. In the " Popular" machines, a designation peculiarly appropriate to these mounts, are presented the Company's leading lines, of which some thousands have been supplied, and have gained a reputation unrivalled by any other make in the market. These machines have done more than any other to place perfect cycling within the reach of all.


The Assembling and Finishing Department.

Last season the Company introduced a special make of juvenile machine, suitable for boys and girls, from eight to fourteen years of age, with 22 in., 24 in., and 26 in. wheels. These cycles are perfect models in miniature, every part being constructed to the same scale as the taller ones.

A variety of designs are made in Ladies' cycles, from which the most fastidious will have little difficulty in making a choice. Single and double steering tandems are well thought-out designs, and .have met with the approval of a large section of those who adopt this method of locomotion.

Undoubtedly, the " Star " cycles, as regards finish, lasting qualities, ease of running and graceful position, have approached the nearest to perfection ; and the constantly-increasing demand proves they have become first favourites amongst a large section of the cycling public.

This firm supplies a highly-artistically illustrated price list, which gives full information respecting the various mounts, and also some very useful information to intending buyers and riders, forming a most acceptable contribution to the literature of the wheel, and at the same time some valuable particulars in the selection and the preservation of one's favourite mount. The outer cover shows a picturesque landscape, in the centre of which is seen a dainty damsel who easily carries her "Star" cycle whilst crossing the stream by the aid of stepping stones, with the words "Light, Graceful, and Strong," which are equally applicable to all the cycles produced by this house. We may add that the picture, reproduced in gold frame, may be seen in almost every station in Great Britain.

The article shows the size of the operation at the time, and the range of bicycles being produced.

Its reference to the advertisement on "almost every railway station in Great Britain", and the fact that so many of these paid insertions appear in trade directories of the like, show that Edward Lisle and Star were very heavily into advertising.

In 1899 production reached the predicted 10,000 cycles a year, and by 1904 Star was the largest Wolverhampton based cycle manufacturer.


 
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